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Information about Penrhyndeudraeth, UK
Penrhyndeudraeth (peninsula with two beaches in Welsh) is a village in Gwynedd, Wales. It is located between the Traeth Mawr (big beach), the now largely reclaimed estuary of the River Glaslyn, and the Traeth Bach (little beach), the estuary of the River Dwyryd. The village is close to the mouth of the River Dwyryd on the A487 from Porthmadog.
The village has two stations, Penrhyndeudraeth railway station on the southern side of the village on the Cambrian Coast Railway from Pwllheli to Shrewsbury and to the north, Penrhyn railway station, on the A4085 near the top of the hill, on the Ffestiniog Railway.
The village is at the junction of the A487 with the A4085 which connects with Beddgelert and Caernarfon. The first section of this road is very narrow and rises steeply through Upper Penrhyn. In places it is so narrow that only a single vehicle can pass.
The present village was laid out in the second half of the 19th century by the local landowner David Williams of Castell Deudraeth at Minffordd on land reclaimed by the drainage of stagnant marshes. The older settlement at Upper Penrhyn was originally called Cefn Coch ('Red Ridge') and that name is perpetuated by the Penrhyndeudraeth primary school, which is known as Ysgol Cefn Coch.
The lower half of Penrhyndeudraeth used to be a lake, which was then drained to create the area where the village's High Street is today. The names of terraces in Penrhyndeudraeth, such as Glanllyn ('lakeside') or Penllyn ('the furthest side of the lake'), hearken back to a time when the space they occupy was underwater. There is also an area named Penlan ('the end of the tide'), which may point to the reason why the lower half of Penrhyndeudraeth is flat. It is believed that the lower half of Penrhyndeudraeth was founded on a spot behind the Royal Oak pub where the old Pierce & Sons garage is located.
Prior to the many 19th century land reclamation projects (including the Cob at Porthmadog) and the building of the Ffestiniog Railway, both of which spurred economic growth, the few local inhabitants relied on agriculture and small scale copper mining. Some men worked boats on the river Dwyryd, carrying slate from Maentwrog to the sea for export. Local women at that time gathered cockles in the estuary for sale in local markets,Penrhyndeudraeth is still known locally,especially by the people of Blaenau Ffestiniog and Porthmadog, as 'Cockletown'.
The main manufacturing industry in Penrhyndeudraeth was established in 1872 to make guncotton. It became Cooke's Explosives in 1922 and was taken over by Nobel and later still by Imperial Chemical Industries. Many here lost their lives during accidents at the works, where there is a slate plaque to remember them and everyone who worked there. When the Thatcherite government of the 80's decided to close down the coal mines of South Wales and Northern England the works also closed and the site was finally cleared in 1997.It is now a nature reserve notable for the presence in summer of nightjars.
Another 19th century industry in the district is Garth Quarry at Minffordd, established in 1870 to make granite setts for road building in Victorian era towns and cities. Like the explosives industry, the quarry relied heavily on the coming of the Cambrian Railways in 1872. The quarry is still working and now produces roadstone and railway ballast.
The above information was reprinted from the wikipedia under license.
Resources
General Dental Council
37 Wimpole Street,
London,
W1G 8DQ
Tel: +44 (0)84 5222 4141
Fax: +44 (0)20 7224 3294
Email: ces@gdc-uk.org
Web: www.gdc-uk.org
Ethical Guidelines
Ethical guidelines of the GDC
British Dental Association
Web: www.bda.org
The Information Commissioner's Office
Web: www.ico.gov.uk
Dental Practice Board for England and Wales: http://www.dpb.nhs.uk
NHS dentist advice guide: www.adviceguide.org.uk/h_nhs_dental_treatment.pdf
Postgraduate and Specialty training: www.rcseng.ac.uk/ (Maintained by the Royal College of Surgeons)
Healthcare Commission: www.healthcarecommission.org.uk
World Dental Federation on the UK (including a list of all UK dental schools): www.fdiworldental.org/
Association of Dental Implantology: www.adi.org.uk
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